Friday, February 15, 2019

Packaging Waste Solutions Downstream


As a Peace Corps volunteer on islands in Micronesia it was a delightful to adopt the islanders’ use of banana leaves for everything from baking a sweet potato to serving a picnic lunch to storing leftovers.   The giant banana trees in the garden were so convenient.  Moreover, the banana leaf could not be beat for environmental friendliness.  Once used, the leaves were tossed aside to become mulch for the garden. 
Of course, back in the U.S.A. it is not practical to rely on banana leaves to wrap a Big Mac at MacDonald’s or ship electronics from Amazon.com.  Nonetheless, there must be something better than the current practice. Natural resources are used in large scale to package and ship goods and then these packaging materials wasted in landfills or worse clog waterways or foul land.  Consider that 20 million trees are felled each year to make paper cups.  About 8% of the world’s oil production is used to make plastic and 40% of plastic produced is used to make packaging.
The last two posts featured packaging companies large and small that are applying innovative technologies to packaging.  Their solutions promise a reduction in resource waste and packaging cost.  However, it takes more than new technology.  Manufacturers and even more importantly consumers need to be on board.  This post features four manufacturers and retailers who have put new packaging into use  -  or at least talk about it.

Going Green Swiss Style
Nestlé SA (NESN:  SW) seems to have taken a sip of the environmental cool-aid and then gulped down the whole cupful.  The company made has made a loud commitment to reduce packaging used in shipping and selling its products.  In 2015, Nestlé pledged to reduce packaging by 140,000 metric tons by 2020. At year-end 2017, the company had already reduced packaging by over 103,000 metric tons.  Additionally, Nestlé aims to make 100% of its packaging fully recyclable or reusable by 2025. 
The company has signed onto the circular loop concept that prevents packaging materials from exiting a virtuous cycle among consumers, retailers and manufacturers.  In late 2018, Nestlé announced the creation of the Nestlé Institute of Packaging Sciences to spearhead research on environmentally-friendly packaging solutions.  There are plans to build a state-of-the-art laboratory that will employ about four dozen people. 
Funding think-tanks will not be enough.  Nestlé owns several different bottled water brands, including PureLife, Nestlé Waters, Poland Spring, and Acqua Panna.  It is single use plastics for bottled water like these that create the most pollution.  This puts Nestlé dead center in the plastic pollution problem.  
Image result for plastrec nestle image
To migrate these and other brands to fully recyclable bottles, the company is teaming up with Quebec-based Plastrec, a supplier of recycled PET resins.  In 2018, Nestlé has released a 100% recycled PET bottle under the PureLife brand using Plastrec’s resin.  The company has also teamed up with Danimer Scientific, featured in the last post “Private Players in Packaging” on February 12th.  Danimer proposes to make a biopolymer called polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polyester produced in nature by microorganisms.  The biopolymers will be made from compostable materials.   Nestlé is also collaborating with another of the private companies in the last post, PureCycle Technologies, to produce food-grade recycled polypropylene.  PureCycle’s technology removes contaminates from plastic waste, making it possible to recycle a wider range of plastics.
Of course, investors get a lot more than a few new packaging ideas when buying a share of Nestlé stock.  Besides all that water in plastic bottles, Nestlé owns a broad portfolio of consumer products from Nescafe coffee to KitKat chocolates to cosmetics.  The company has been struggling to update its product portfolio to meet shifting demand for healthier, natural foods and personal products.  Nestlé recently divested its Gerber Life Insurance subsidiary and is exploring strategic options for its Skin Health segment.  Efforts have begun to pay off and in recent quarters the company has recorded 3% year/year organic sales growth.  The stock now sells for 32.7 times trailing earnings.  That may seem expensive against growth rates, but do not forget an ample 2.8% current dividend yield on Nestlé shares.
Not All That’s Green is Environmentally Friendly
The Kroger Company (KR:  NYSE) has been around since the late 1800s.  It has developed into a major retailer of a broad range of food products in its supermarkets that also feature specialty sections such as pet centers, electronics, apparel, toys, and pharmacies.  Kroger stock is selling at a bargain multiple of 6.6 times trailing earnings.  The 2.0% current dividend yield is icing on Kroger’s cake. 
Kroger is distinguished among other grocery retailers with its pledge to achieve zero waste.  The company is aiming to recycle or reuse at least 90% of its waste.  Sustainable product packaging is a central part of its zero waste plan.  For example, Kroger is using a new plastic milk jug that requires 10% less plastic compared to regular plastic jugs.  The company is also revising instructions on its Our Brands private label to promote recycling.
Before investors run out to buy the valued-price stock of a seemingly ‘green’ grocer, it is worthwhile to look more closely at Kroger.  It is apparent the company works closely with its suppliers on packaging.  The company issues annually its Packaging Supplier Resource Guide to set standards for packaging.  However, the guide is all about artwork and branding.  The word ‘recycling’ appears only twice in the guide and then only in reference to the mandatory logo of circular arrows prescribed for all industries.  A great deal could be accomplished toward eliminating packaging waste if Kroger used its position with suppliers to encourage better packaging, but at least this one of its regular communication mechanisms with its suppliers is silent on the topic.
Image result for kroger ship images
Indeed, at this point Kroger seems to talking about zero waste, but in reality adding to waste.  Kroger Ship was initiated in 2018, to capture a share of the rapidly expanding market for grocery delivery to the home.  That is certain to ADD to the packaging waste problem even as the Kroger executives tout their zero waste plans.  Even Kroger’s own advertising images show a pile of cardboard on a front porch.
The missed opportunity is similar to the company’s performance in removing toxic chemicals from foods.  Kroger earned a D+ grade from Mind the Store, a non-profit industry watchdog that rates retailers on product toxicity.  The company has eliminated beauty products with parabens, phthalates and formaldehyde but still sells canned food with BPA (Bisphenol A) content in the can liners. Surprisingly, Kroger ranks 20th among 40 different retailers in its peer group, revealing that half of retailers in the group have a score of D or F.  Kroger seems quick to showcase new programs that ‘look and sound’ environmentally friendly, but its regular operations and market initiatives seems be moving along with yesterday’s practices.
Super Heroes Go ‘Green’
Image result for hasbro biopet
Captain Marvel will arrive in a plant-based box if toy manufacturer Hasbro, Inc. (HAS:  NYSE) carries out its plans.  A year ago the toy maker pledged to use plant-based PET (polythylene terephthalate) or BioPET for at least 30% of the blister packs and plastic windows used to ship and display everyone’s favorite super heroes.  This is not the first of Hasbro’s attempts at more responsible packaging.  By 2015, the company was using recycled and sustainably sourced paper for 90% of its packaging and in-box content.  Additionally, by 2016, Hasbro had already begun using recycled PET, eliminating the use of additional fossil fuels and removing plastic waste from the environment. 
Hasbro has taken a number of other actions to reduce packaging waste.  Interestingly, most in the list below is just a matter of good sense and smart planning.
·        Eliminate tissue paper in shipping cartons
·        Single-walled shipping cartons instead of double-walled
·        Eliminate wire ties for toy stability during shipping and display
·        Replace non-recyclable PVC packaging with fully recyclable PET packaging
·        Source recyclable paper for packaging and in-box content from sustainable sources
These efforts and others have earned good marks for Hasbro.  Newsweek ranked Hasbro as number 3 out of 500 publicly traded companies for environmental performance.  The company was ranked number 1 out of 100 on CR Magazine’s Best Corporate Citizens list.
Environmental action has not stopped Hasbro from delivering strong financial performance.  In the most recently reported twelve months the company earned a 7.2% operating margin and converted 14.1% of every sales dollar to operating cash flow.  A naturally-cash generative business model helps maintain an attractive dividend and the stock is currently price with a forward dividend yield of 3.0%.  Investors will have to pay 17.3 times earnings expected in 2019 to get a share of Hasbro, which compares well to the current S&P 500 Index forward price-earnings ratio of 17.5 times.  While HAS may be fairly priced, investors cannot regard the stock as an environmental gem.
Skin in the Game
Specialty retailers are also joining the packaging revolution.  REN Clean Skincare is a good example of a retailer that is making environmentally-friendly packaging part of its offering.  The company kicked off the campaign with a splashing Earth Day celebration featuring its new partner, the Surfrider Foundation.  The campaign was aimed at making REN customers aware of the need to conserve water and keep beaches clean and plastic-free.
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The company is selling some of its skincare products in bottles made from plastic reclaimed from the ocean.  The bottle is part of REN’s Clean to Planet initiative to become a 100% zero waste company by 2021.  The bottle is made by TerraCycle, a recycling based in New Jersey.  TerraCycle specializes in materials that are hard to recycle.  The company claims to have collected over 300,000 pounds of beach plastic in cooperation with collection partners.
The recycled plastic bottles get quite a bit of attention.  However, REN is doing far more that is less noticeable.  The company is cutting down on paper waste by eliminating card board boxes for some products.  REN is also removing double labels, relying on a new single-layer label to display legal requirements and product instructions.
REN Skincare was acquired by Unilever N.V. (UN:  NYSE) in 2015.   The unit is estimated to contribute $9 million in annual sales.  In the greater scheme of things at Unilever, its shares do not reflect REN and its efforts to clean up and make useful ocean plastic.  Nonetheless, REN’s efforts show that one step has been taken in the right direction to make Unilever a part of the solution and not just a part of the problem of packaging waste.

Neither the author of the Small Cap Strategist web log, Crystal Equity Research nor its affiliates have a beneficial interest in the companies mentioned herein.



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